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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a well-known disorder of the nervous system that affects 4,4 percent of the population. It is accompanied by high levels of comorbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, and substance abuse) and significant emotional, social, and occupational impairments. Psychotherapy and medications are both effective treatments for adults with ADHD. Stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine are the most commonly prescribed medications. Medications Many people with ADHD notice significant improvements in their symptoms and functioning in response to medications. Because of the different ways that people react to medications, it is important for individuals with ADHD to discover a combination that is effective. Adults with ADHD are prescribed stimulants, such as methylphenidate or amphetamines. These stimulants are available in tablets or liquids in an immediate-release (short acting) formulation. They can be taken every three to four hour. Adults may supplement an immediate-release medicine with an extended-release long-acting medication once a week to reduce the necessity to take it frequently throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be successfully treated with antidepressants, like desipramine. This class of medications can be used together with stimulants or alone to enhance their effects. They can also increase the risk of serious adverse effects, such as rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists like alprazolam as well as clonidine are used for the treatment of adults with ADHD. These medications were originally developed to treat hypertension. They are calming and can improve focus, and decrease hyperactivity and impulseivity in some adults. However, these medications could cause a drop in blood pressure if they are suddenly cut off or reduced in dosage. Psychotherapy is also useful for adults with ADHD. Individual therapy can help people overcome feelings of shame, embarrassment and resentment against coworkers, teachers, supervisors, and family members that might criticize or nag them. In addition counseling for families and marriages can help couples with ADHD be able to recognize each other's challenges and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults suffering from ADHD seeks to improve everyday functioning by teaching skills and strategies. Psychotherapy can also aid those who suffer from ADHD overcome their low self-esteem and sense of inadequacy that can be a result of this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is also referred to as cognitive behavior therapy, assists people in changing their negative thoughts and emotions that are causing difficulties in their lives. It teaches them new ways to think, feel and act. This short-term and goal-oriented therapy has been proven effective in treating various disorders, such as depression and anxiety. It can be used on its own or in conjunction with other treatments. CBT could include group therapy, which can be particularly helpful for adults with ADHD because it gives the chance to connect with others who are facing similar issues and discover how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. CBT can be offered in person or over the phone. One study examined the effects of CBT in comparison to standard therapy for adults with ADHD and discovered that both treatments resulted in improvement in self-report assessments of symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. CBT has been studied in comparison to other psychosocial treatments in adults suffering from ADHD. All of these studies show significant reductions in ADHD symptoms with effects ranging from medium to large. These improvements were attributed to various modalities such as cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skill training, problem-solving exercises and mindfulness meditation. It is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatments for adult ADHD with caution. It is possible that the variations in the outcomes reflect a number of variables, including treatment characteristics, measures used as well as the backgrounds of the patients. Few studies have examined the effectiveness neurofeedback. This method involves wearing an electrode-lined hat while performing cognitive tasks to pinpoint brain areas in which there is excessive or inadequate activity. The individual is then taught to regulate these patterns. Counseling Many people suffering from ADHD suffer from anxiety or mood disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help with these issues, which may be contributing to the ADHD symptoms. adult adhd diagnostic assessment and treatment include the use of interpersonal therapy to improve the ability of a person to form meaningful relationships and resolve conflicts. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help people manage impulsive, self-destructive, and negative behaviors that can cause problems at school or work. In certain cases psychotherapy is sometimes used in conjunction with medication for adults adhd treatment. Patients with multiple disorders like depression, substance abuse and bipolar disorder must be evaluated to ensure that their symptoms are not worsened through the use of medications to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history or seizures, should be treated with more vigor. Outpatient intensive programs may be recommended if the person's ADHD is so severe that it significantly affects their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs offer an organized treatment that is more intensive than the traditional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is a form of cognitive therapy, aids adults with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time, impulse control, planning and executive functioning. It helps them identify and express their feelings. It employs worksheets and exercises to make the lessons more engaging. Mindfulness meditation training improves CBT and improves the ability of a person to concentrate and control their emotions. It enhances the capacity of a person to tolerate the effects of stress and arousal. It helps them deal with sadness, anger and other emotions that may be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD often report difficulty functioning at home and at work. In addition to affecting their work performance, these issues can interfere with relationships and could cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you improve your self-esteem, resolve underlying problems and develop healthy coping strategies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for adults with ADHD and helps them change their negative attitudes and behaviors. It concentrates on teaching time management techniques and overcoming thinking distortions that contribute to negative moods, and the perception of a limited number of choices. Many adults with ADHD also suffer from comorbid anxiety or depression. These psychiatric disorders can exacerbate or reduce the effectiveness of certain medications used to treat ADHD. It is recommended to treat the most severe comorbidity and then observe its reaction to the medication prior treating the other disorder. Occupational therapy can help you manage your work and life by establishing predictable routines to manage your time and money and create an optimistic image of yourself. It will also help you learn relaxation techniques that can reduce your impulsivity and hyperactivity. Additionally yoga and other forms of exercise can help you focus better by ensuring your body is stable in different postures. Counseling for families and marriage can address the issues people with ADHD frequently cause their spouses, children and their families. They often complain of being erratic and unorganized. They often forget things or make impulsive decisions. Classes and therapy in which spouses and other family members are taught about ADHD can help you build more harmonious relationships. Furthermore, it can aid you and your loved ones to understand that these issues are linked to the patient's ADHD rather than to the lack of compassion or an unwillingness to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a neurobiological disorder that is very frequent. It is accompanied by high rates of comorbidity, including depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. The use of medication and psychosocial interventions is available as treatment options. A wide range of medications are available for adults suffering from ADHD and a few of them have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have revealed the advantages and drawbacks of the drugs. Adults suffering from ADHD might experience the same symptoms that children do, but it can be difficult to determine since childhood symptoms may not last into adulthood. Adults who suffer from ADHD might not have an ancestral history of the disorder, or may not remember symptoms. It is essential to take a thorough medical history in order to determine whether the symptoms are related to an illness, like thyroid issues, sleep apnea or hearing and vision issues. Medications for adults with ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and nonstimulant medications. Stimulants are the most effective medications for treating adults with ADHD, and their responsiveness rates are within the 70-80% range. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are among the most frequently prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate is also administered through a transdermal system. This permits continuous medication delivery during the daytime. Adults suffering from ADHD can take nonstimulant medications that are based on norepinephrine, or dopamine. Desipramine is one of the most studied tricyclic and has been shown to be effective in adult patients with ADHD. It is a low-dose medication that is recommended to be increased every seven days by 50mg until the desired effect is seen. Bupropion XL is a second antidepressant that has been shown to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine-agonist that is effective in blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine in the presynaptic cellular transporter which increases its accessibility to the brain. The drug has been proven to improve mood and reduce hyperactivity in adults, but it isn't as effective as stimulants in improving concentration or cognitive function.